Plant nutrition for banana: recommendations by phenological stage

Growth Stages

The banana (Musa spp.) is a perennial herbaceous plant of tropical origin, grown mainly in warm and humid climates.

Although its production in Chile is limited by climatic conditions, its cultivation can be explored in high-tech greenhouses or areas with favorable microclimates. Nutritional management is key to achieving good bunches, preventing physiological imbalances, and maintaining root system health.

Budbreak and establishment

The initial development of the pseudostem and roots is sensitive to soil conditions, temperature, and nutrient availability, especially phosphorus and nitrogen.

Vegetative growth

Large leaves are formed, requiring a high demand for Nitrogen, Potassium, Magnesium, and micronutrients. Balanced nutrition in this stage determines the number and size of the bunches.

Flowering and bunch formation

During this critical stage, the inflorescence begins. The demand for Potassium and Calcium increases, which are vital for fruit filling and firmness.

Maturation and harvest

The bunch reaches its final size. A good nutrient balance is required to support the weight of the fruit and prevent diseases. Excess Nitrogen can delay maturity.

Considerations for cultivation in Chile:

• Requires protected environments and minimum temperatures above 15 °C throughout the year.
• Soil must have excellent drainage and high fertility.
• Careful management of relative humidity and ventilation in greenhouses.